Miami’s Little Haiti wasn’t a target for developers. Until the seas started to rise.
In a city where sunny day floods increased 400% in a decade, rising seas are changing the old real estate mantra of location, location, location. In Miami these days, its all about elevation, elevation, elevation. And long before melted ice caps wash over Ocean Drive, one of Americas most vulnerable big cities is becoming a test case for the modern problem of climate gentrification. While some scientific models predict enough polar ice melt to bring at least 10 feet of sea level rise to South Florida by 2100, just a modest 12 inches would make 15% of Miami uninhabitable, and much of that beachside property is among Americas most valuable. READ: Millions of US homes at risk of chronic flooding this century, study says Even now, as more frequent king tides bubble up through Floridas porous limestone, pushing fish through sewers and onto streets, residents are becoming more aware that their city is built on the rippling shelves, ridges and canyons of a fossil seabed. Water is simply going back to the same places it flowed ages ago, says Sam Purkis, Chair of the University of Miamis Geosciences Department. The irony is what happened 125,000 years ago is going to dictate what happens to your house now. The fickle undulations between city blocks could mean the difference between survival and retreat, and the rising cost of altitude is sparking a noticeable shift in community activism and municipal budgets. Neighbors in Pinecrest formed Americas first Underwater Homeowners Association (complete with elevation yard signs) and named a marine scientist as president. Miami Beach is spending millions elevating roads, upgrading pumps and changing building codes to allow residents to raise their mansions by five feet. But in working-class, immigrant neighborhoods like Little Haiti, year-to-year sea level rise gets lost in the day-to-day struggle, and most had no idea that they live a lofty three feet higher than the wealthy folks on Miami Beach. They found out when developers started calling, from everywhere. They were calling from China, from Venezuela. Coming here with cases of money! says Marleine Bastien, a community organizer and longtime resident. We used to think that the allure of Little Haiti was the fact that its close to downtown, close to both airports and close to the beach. Unbeknownst to us, its because we are positioned at a higher altitude. Pointing out a row of vacant shops, she ticks off the names of a dozen small business owners she says have been forced out by rising rents, and lists others who she says unwittingly took lowball offers with no understanding of Miamis housing crisis. If you sell your home in Little Haiti, you think that youre making a big deal, and its only after you sell, and then you realize, Oh, I cannot buy anywhere else. After her community center and day school were priced out of three different buildings, she caught wind of plans to build the sprawling $1 billion Magic City development on the edge of Little Haiti, featuring a promenade, high-end retail stores, high rise apartments and imagined by a consortium of local investors, including the founder of Cirque du Soleil. Magic City developers insist that they picked the site based on location, not elevation. They promised to preserve the soul of Little Haiti and give $31 million to the community for affordable housing and other programs, but it wasnt enough for Bastien. This is a plan to actually erase Little Haiti, she says. Because this is the one place where immigration and climate gentrification collide. She fought the development with all the protesters and hand-lettered signs she could muster, but after a debate that went until 1 a.m., commissioners approved the permit with a 3-0 vote at the end of June. The area we took was all industrial, says Max Sklar, VP with Plaza Equity Partners and a member of the development team. There was no real thriving economy around these warehouses or vacant land. And so our goal is to create that economy. Can we appease everybody? Not 100%, thats not feasible. Its not realistic. But weve listened to them. He repeats a promise to deliver $6 million to a Little Haiti community trust before ground is even broken and, as a sign that he listened to at least one demand, acknowledges that the complex will now be called Magic City Little Haiti. But while Bastien mourns the defeat, her neighbor and fellow organizer Leonie Hermantin welcomes the investment and hopes for the best. Even if Magic City did not come today, the pace of gentrification is so rapid that our people will not be able to afford homes here anyways, she says with a resigned head shake. Magic City is not the government. Affordable housing policies have to come from the government. (Climate gentrification) is something that we are very closely monitoring, Miami Mayor Francis Suarez tells me. But we havent seen any direct evidence of it yet. Suarez is the rare Republican who passionately argues for climate mitigation plans and helped champion the $400 million Miami Forever bond, approved by voters to fund action to protect the city from the ravages of higher seas and stronger storms. We actually created in our first tranche of Miami Forever, a sustainability fund for people to renovate their homes so that they can stay in their properties rather than having to sell their properties, he says. But that fund is a relatively small $15 million, not enough to dent a housing crisis that grows with each heat wave and hurricane, in a city where over a quarter of residents live below the poverty level. Whats happening in Little Haiti could be just one example of a climate apartheid that the United Nations warns is ahead, where there will be a gulf between the rich who can protect themselves from the impact of climate change and the poor who are left behind. Philip Alston, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, said there was already evidence of how the climate crisis affects the rich and poor differently. And he pointed out that those hurt most were likely those least responsible. Perversely, while people in poverty are responsible for just a fraction of global emissions, they will bear the brunt of climate change, and have the least capacity to protect themselves, Alston wrote last month.